A 10-year yield at 5% is a flashing red warning, not a rounding error — the last times borrowing costs sat here were 2023 and the eve of the financial crisis. Mortgage rates near 6.8% and pricier corporate capital will squeeze households and earnings alike. Buybacks failed because this is a debt problem, and the Fed must hike or risk losing control of the long end entirely.
Yields between 4% and 5% on the 10-year are a vote of confidence in an economy that is doing just fine. Earnings momentum keeps climbing, unit labor costs are running at 1.4%, and a productivity-led tech boom justifies these rates rather than threatening them. Treasury still has the option to lean on bill issuance to relieve pressure, so panic at 5% is unwarranted.
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