Syria’s de facto leader says holding elections could take up to four years
Al JazeeraJAN 15
Syrian President Signs New Constitution for 5-Year Transition
Above: Syrian Pres. Ahmed al-Sharaa signs a declaration outlining the main provisions of the interim constitution in a ceremony held at the People's Palace in the capital Damascus, Syria on March 13, 2025. Image copyright: Izettin Kasim/Contributor/Anadolu via Getty Images
The Facts
Syria's Interim Pres. Ahmed al-Sharaa signed a temporary constitution on Thursday, establishing a five-year transitional period following the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad's government in December.
The temporary constitution maintains Islamic law as "the main source" of legislation, strengthening its role from the previous constitution where it was "a main source." It also requires the head of state to be Muslim — which has been the case in past constitutions — while also guaranteeing freedoms of expression and media.
Al-Sharaa recently secured a landmark agreement with the US-backed and Kurdish-dominated Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in northeastern Syria, which stipulates that the SDF will be integrated into Syria's armed forces and state institutions.
The Spin
Narrative A
The new constitution strikes a crucial balance between social security and freedom during Syria's political transition — enshrining both Islamic principles and modern civil liberties including women's rights and press freedom. Sharaa has provided a clear pathway to democratic elections, and the process will be open to all Syrians.
Narrative B
This hastily organized transition process lacks genuine inclusivity, with religious and ethnic minorities skeptical of Syria's new Islamist leadership. Strengthening the role of Islamic law and the Muslim-only presidency requirement raises concerns about true democratic reform and the country's future. Though Syria is now in better hands, the principles of the revolution must be maintained.
Narrative C
Sharaa clearly wants to become a dictator under the auspices of Islamic governance. With the backing of the West, Syria has transitioned from a secular military regime to an Islamic state. Indeed, it's absurd that the West believes Syria can establish an inclusive civil state less than a week after Alawites were brutally massacred in their homes.