University of Toronto researchers conducted quantum experiments appearing to show photons exiting a material before entering it, challenging previous dismissals of this effect as a mere illusion.
The team, led by professor Aephraim Steinberg and researcher Daniela Angulo, measured the duration atoms remained in an excited state after absorbing and re-emitting photons, finding some durations appeared negative.
The experiments, conducted in a basement laboratory over two years, required precise laser calibration to track photon-atom interactions and measure atomic excitation times.
The experimental results demonstrate that negative time may not just be theoretical but could exist in a tangible, physical sense, representing a significant breakthrough in understanding quantum mechanics and how light interacts with matter. The measurements are solid and open new avenues for exploring quantum phenomena, even if practical applications remain unclear.
The term "negative time" is misleading and has nothing to do with actual time passage — it simply describes how photons travel through a medium and how their phases shift. The phenomenon can be explained through conventional quantum mechanics without requiring new interpretations about the nature of time.