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India's government is developing a legal framework to regulate VPN providers, which could require them to establish local offices and appoint compliance officers to coordinate with authorities. No official draft law or public announcement had been released as of early July 2026.

India's government is developing a legal framework to regulate VPN providers, which could require them to establish local offices and appoint compliance officers to coordinate with authorities. No official draft law or public announcement had been released as of early July 2026.

The proposed framework follows concerns that 2022 CERT-In directives — which required VPN providers to retain customer data for at least five years — failed to secure compliance, with major providers including Proton VPN, NordVPN, ExpressVPN and Surfshark removing their physical servers from India.

The proposed framework follows concerns that 2022 CERT-In directives — which required VPN providers to retain customer data for at least five years — failed to secure compliance, with major providers including Proton VPN, NordVPN, ExpressVPN and Surfshark removing their physical servers from India.

Indian authorities are also considering penal provisions, including possible jail terms for locally appointed employees of VPN companies that fail to comply, mirroring obligations already imposed on large social media platforms under India's Information Technology Rules, 2021.

Indian authorities are also considering penal provisions, including possible jail terms for locally appointed employees of VPN companies that fail to comply, mirroring obligations already imposed on large social media platforms under India's Information Technology Rules, 2021.

India issued more than 24,000 content-blocking orders in 2025, nearly double the roughly 12,000 issued in 2024. Officials say VPN services undermine these measures by allowing users to route traffic through overseas servers and access geo-blocked content.

India issued more than 24,000 content-blocking orders in 2025, nearly double the roughly 12,000 issued in 2024. Officials say VPN services undermine these measures by allowing users to route traffic through overseas servers and access geo-blocked content.

The government's focus on VPNs intensified after Telegram was temporarily blocked amid a medical entrance exam paper leak investigation. Proton VPN General Manager David Peterson said daily registrations from India rose by more than 120%, after which his post and account on X were blocked in India.

The government's focus on VPNs intensified after Telegram was temporarily blocked amid a medical entrance exam paper leak investigation. Proton VPN General Manager David Peterson said daily registrations from India rose by more than 120%, after which his post and account on X were blocked in India.

An estimated half of India's 800 million internet users rely on VPNs. India recorded a 13% rise in data breaches in 2025, with an average cost of $2.31 million, up from $2 million in 2024, according to IBM's Cost of Data Breach Report.

An estimated half of India's 800 million internet users rely on VPNs. India recorded a 13% rise in data breaches in 2025, with an average cost of $2.31 million, up from $2 million in 2024, according to IBM's Cost of Data Breach Report.

India plans new law to regulate VPN providers after 2022 rules failed: Report

India plans new law to regulate VPN providers after 2022 rules failed: Report

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India plans new law to regulate VPN providers after 2022 rules failed: Report

India plans new law to regulate VPN providers after 2022 rules failed: Report

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