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Japan's population fell to 123.05 million as of Oct. 1, 2025, a drop of roughly 3.1 million, or 2.5%, from the 2020 census — the largest decline recorded since the five-year survey began in 1920.

Japan's population fell to 123.05 million as of Oct. 1, 2025, a drop of roughly 3.1 million, or 2.5%, from the 2020 census — the largest decline recorded since the five-year survey began in 1920.

The rate of population decline accelerated sharply, rising from 0.7% in the 2020 census to 2.5% in 2025, more than tripling the decrease recorded between 2015 and 2020. The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications attributed the drop to deaths outnumbering births.

The rate of population decline accelerated sharply, rising from 0.7% in the 2020 census to 2.5% in 2025, more than tripling the decrease recorded between 2015 and 2020. The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications attributed the drop to deaths outnumbering births.

Of Japan's 47 prefectures, only Tokyo and Okinawa recorded population growth. Tokyo grew by 199,000 residents, pushing the greater Tokyo metropolitan area's share of the national population above 30% for the first time.

Of Japan's 47 prefectures, only Tokyo and Okinawa recorded population growth. Tokyo grew by 199,000 residents, pushing the greater Tokyo metropolitan area's share of the national population above 30% for the first time.

Hokkaido recorded the largest numerical decline among prefectures, losing 239,000 residents, while Akita Prefecture posted the steepest rate of decline at 8.1%. Globally, Japan's population ranking fell to 12th from 11th.

Hokkaido recorded the largest numerical decline among prefectures, losing 239,000 residents, while Akita Prefecture posted the steepest rate of decline at 8.1%. Globally, Japan's population ranking fell to 12th from 11th.

The number of households in Japan reached a record high of 57,124,507, up roughly 1.29 million from the previous census, while the average household size fell to 2.15 people — down from 3.45 in 1970 — reflecting a rise in single-person households.

The number of households in Japan reached a record high of 57,124,507, up roughly 1.29 million from the previous census, while the average household size fell to 2.15 people — down from 3.45 in 1970 — reflecting a rise in single-person households.

Official data showed births in Japan fell for the 10th consecutive year in 2025, totaling 705,809. Government efforts to encourage marriage and childbirth, including dating apps, child-rearing allowances and subsidized parental leave, have had limited success.

Official data showed births in Japan fell for the 10th consecutive year in 2025, totaling 705,809. Government efforts to encourage marriage and childbirth, including dating apps, child-rearing allowances and subsidized parental leave, have had limited success.

Japan Population Hits Record Decline, Down 2.5%

Japan's populationPopulation fallsHits byRecord recordDecline, amountDown to 123 million in 20252.5%

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Japan Population Hits Record Decline, Down 2.5%

Japan's populationPopulation fallsHits byRecord recordDecline, amountDown to 123 million in 20252.5%

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