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Scientists have confirmed two humpback whales made separate record-breaking crossings between breeding grounds in eastern Australia and Brazil, with the longest journey spanning 15,100 km — the greatest distance ever documented between sightings of an individual humpback whale.

Scientists have confirmed two humpback whales made separate record-breaking crossings between breeding grounds in eastern Australia and Brazil, with the longest journey spanning 15,100 km — the greatest distance ever documented between sightings of an individual humpback whale.

One whale was first photographed at Brazil's Abrolhos Bank in 2003 and spotted again in Hervey Bay, Australia, in September 2025. The other was first seen in Hervey Bay in 2007 and later photographed off São Paulo, Brazil, in 2019, a minimum straight-line distance of about 14,200 km.

One whale was first photographed at Brazil's Abrolhos Bank in 2003 and spotted again in Hervey Bay, Australia, in September 2025. The other was first seen in Hervey Bay in 2007 and later photographed off São Paulo, Brazil, in 2019, a minimum straight-line distance of about 14,200 km.

The study drew on 19,283 fluke photographs collected between 1984 and 2025 from eastern Australia and Latin America, contributed by researchers and citizen scientists via the global tracking platform Happywhale. Automated image recognition software was used, with every potential match independently verified by eye.

The study drew on 19,283 fluke photographs collected between 1984 and 2025 from eastern Australia and Latin America, contributed by researchers and citizen scientists via the global tracking platform Happywhale. Automated image recognition software was used, with every potential match independently verified by eye.

Across more than four decades of data covering nearly 20,000 identified humpback whales, only two individuals were found to have traveled between the two breeding regions, representing just 0.01% of whales in the records. Researchers described the crossings as rare, possibly single-lifetime events.

Across more than four decades of data covering nearly 20,000 identified humpback whales, only two individuals were found to have traveled between the two breeding regions, representing just 0.01% of whales in the records. Researchers described the crossings as rare, possibly single-lifetime events.

Researchers said occasional movements between distant breeding grounds can help maintain genetic diversity and may carry new song styles between populations. The findings support the "Southern Ocean Exchange" hypothesis, which proposes that whales from different populations may meet on shared Antarctic feeding grounds.

Researchers said occasional movements between distant breeding grounds can help maintain genetic diversity and may carry new song styles between populations. The findings support the "Southern Ocean Exchange" hypothesis, which proposes that whales from different populations may meet on shared Antarctic feeding grounds.

Scientists said climate-driven shifts in Antarctic sea ice and the distribution of krill — the whales' primary prey — may make such crossings more likely over time. The study was published in the journal Royal Society Open Science.

Scientists said climate-driven shifts in Antarctic sea ice and the distribution of krill — the whales' primary prey — may make such crossings more likely over time. The study was published in the journal Royal Society Open Science.

Humpback Whales Break Record with 15,100km Ocean Crossing

Humpback Whales Break Record with 15,100km Ocean Crossing

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Humpback Whales Break Record with 15,100km Ocean Crossing

Humpback Whales Break Record with 15,100km Ocean Crossing

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