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A study published in Current Biology tracked 105 juvenile Atlantic salmon over eight weeks in Lake Vättern, Sweden, to examine how cocaine and its main metabolite, benzoylecgonine, affect fish movement in the wild.

A study published in Current Biology tracked 105 juvenile Atlantic salmon over eight weeks in Lake Vättern, Sweden, to examine how cocaine and its main metabolite, benzoylecgonine, affect fish movement in the wild.

Researchers used slow-release chemical implants to expose fish to either cocaine or benzoylecgonine, then monitored their movements via acoustic telemetry — the first such experiment conducted outside a laboratory setting.

Researchers used slow-release chemical implants to expose fish to either cocaine or benzoylecgonine, then monitored their movements via acoustic telemetry — the first such experiment conducted outside a laboratory setting.

Fish exposed to benzoylecgonine swam up to 1.9 times farther per week than unexposed fish and dispersed up to 12.3 km farther from their release site over the course of the study.

Fish exposed to benzoylecgonine swam up to 1.9 times farther per week than unexposed fish and dispersed up to 12.3 km farther from their release site over the course of the study.

The cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine produced stronger effects on fish movement than cocaine itself — a notable finding, as environmental risk assessments typically focus on parent compounds rather than metabolites, even though benzoylecgonine is routinely detected at higher concentrations in waterways.

The cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine produced stronger effects on fish movement than cocaine itself — a notable finding, as environmental risk assessments typically focus on parent compounds rather than metabolites, even though benzoylecgonine is routinely detected at higher concentrations in waterways.

Cocaine and benzoylecgonine enter aquatic environments primarily through wastewater systems not designed to fully remove them. A global analysis found mean surface water concentrations of around 105 nanograms per liter for cocaine and 257 nanograms per liter for benzoylecgonine.

Cocaine and benzoylecgonine enter aquatic environments primarily through wastewater systems not designed to fully remove them. A global analysis found mean surface water concentrations of around 105 nanograms per liter for cocaine and 257 nanograms per liter for benzoylecgonine.

Researchers noted that altered movement patterns could affect how salmon feed, avoid predators and use habitat. Atlantic salmon are already under pressure from climate change, habitat loss and other pollutants, according to the study authors.

Researchers noted that altered movement patterns could affect how salmon feed, avoid predators and use habitat. Atlantic salmon are already under pressure from climate change, habitat loss and other pollutants, according to the study authors.

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