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Two hundred chimpanzees are embroiled in a ‘civil war’

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Wild chimpanzees recorded waging ‘civil war’ with coordinated attacks between two groups

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War of the planet of the apes? Chimp conflict causes civil war

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A chimp civil war has raged for 8 years in Uganda. What it says about human violence

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A study published in the journal Science, drawing on 30 years of demographic data and behavioral observations, has documented what's described as a rare permanent split in the largest known group of wild chimpanzees, the Ngogo community in Uganda's Kibale National Park.

A study published in the journal Science, drawing on 30 years of demographic data and behavioral observations, has documented what's described as a rare permanent split in the largest known group of wild chimpanzees, the Ngogo community in Uganda's Kibale National Park.

The Ngogo chimpanzee community, which numbered nearly 200 individuals, began fracturing in 2015 before fully dividing into two distinct groups — the Western and Central clusters — by 2018. Social, spatial and reproductive ties between the two groups ceased entirely after the split.

The Ngogo chimpanzee community, which numbered nearly 200 individuals, began fracturing in 2015 before fully dividing into two distinct groups — the Western and Central clusters — by 2018. Social, spatial and reproductive ties between the two groups ceased entirely after the split.

Researchers identified several factors that may have contributed to the split, including the 2014 deaths of five adult males and one adult female, a change in alpha male in 2015 and a respiratory disease outbreak in 2017 that killed 25 chimpanzees.

Researchers identified several factors that may have contributed to the split, including the 2014 deaths of five adult males and one adult female, a change in alpha male in 2015 and a respiratory disease outbreak in 2017 that killed 25 chimpanzees.

Following the permanent fission, members of the Western group carried out 24 coordinated attacks on the Central group between 2018 and 2024, killing at least seven adult males and 17 infants. Researchers noted the true death toll is likely higher, as many individuals disappeared without confirmed cause.

Following the permanent fission, members of the Western group carried out 24 coordinated attacks on the Central group between 2018 and 2024, killing at least seven adult males and 17 infants. Researchers noted the true death toll is likely higher, as many individuals disappeared without confirmed cause.

The only previously recorded comparable event occurred in the 1970s, when Jane Goodall observed a violent split among chimpanzees in Tanzania's Gombe National Park. That case has remained contested because the chimps were regularly provisioned with food by researchers, which may have altered their behavior.

The only previously recorded comparable event occurred in the 1970s, when Jane Goodall observed a violent split among chimpanzees in Tanzania's Gombe National Park. That case has remained contested because the chimps were regularly provisioned with food by researchers, which may have altered their behavior.

Genetic evidence suggests permanent fissions in chimpanzee communities occur roughly once every 500 years. Researchers said human activities such as deforestation, climate change and disease outbreaks could make such conflicts more frequent.

Genetic evidence suggests permanent fissions in chimpanzee communities occur roughly once every 500 years. Researchers said human activities such as deforestation, climate change and disease outbreaks could make such conflicts more frequent.

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A study published in the journal Science, drawing on 30 years of demographic data and behavioral observations, has documented what's describe as a rare permanent split in the largest known group of wild chimpanzees, the Ngogo community in Uganda's Kibale National Park.

A study published in the journal Science, drawing on 30 years of demographic data and behavioral observations, has documented what's describe as a rare permanent split in the largest known group of wild chimpanzees, the Ngogo community in Uganda's Kibale National Park.

The smaller Western chimp faction proved that tight social bonds beat sheer numbers — launching 24 coordinated attacks and killing at least seven adult males and 17 infants from the larger Central group. This rare fission, documented over 30 years at Uganda's Kibale National Park, shows group cohesion is a more powerful force than size. Enduring relationships forged the deadliest fighting unit in recorded chimp history.

The smaller Western chimp faction proved that tight social bonds beat sheer numbers — launching 24 coordinated attacks and killing at least seven adult males and 17 infants from the larger Central group. This rare fission, documented over 30 years at Uganda's Kibale National Park, shows group cohesion is a more powerful force than size. Enduring relationships forged the deadliest fighting unit in recorded chimp history.

This chimp civil war is a mirror held up to humanity — violence erupted not from ideology but from broken personal bonds, proving relational collapse alone can ignite lethal conflict. Continued research into the Ngogo chimps is essential to understanding the roots of human warfare, yet proposed NSF budget cuts threaten to shut it all down. Defunding this work would be throwing away the clearest window science has ever had into why societies tear themselves apart.

This chimp civil war is a mirror held up to humanity — violence erupted not from ideology but from broken personal bonds, proving relational collapse alone can ignite lethal conflict. Continued research into the Ngogo chimps is essential to understanding the roots of human warfare, yet proposed NSF budget cuts threaten to shut it all down. Defunding this work would be throwing away the clearest window science has ever had into why societies tear themselves apart.

Julian Hattem/SOPA Images/Getty Images

Julian Hattem/SOPA Images/Getty Images

Rare Chimp Community Split Turns Deadly in Uganda

Research

Uganda

Civil war & guerrilla warfare

Culture

The smaller Western chimp faction proved that tight social bonds beat sheer numbers — launching 24 coordinated attacks and killing at least seven adult males and 17 infants from the larger Central group. Documenting this rare fission is crucial for a better understanding of chimpanzee behavior and evolution.

The smaller Western chimp faction proved that tight social bonds beat sheer numbers — launching 24 coordinated attacks and killing at least seven adult males and 17 infants from the larger Central group. Documenting this rare fission is crucial for a better understanding of chimpanzee behavior and evolution.

This "chimp civil war" is more broadly a mirror held up to humanity itself — violence erupted not from ideology but from broken personal bonds, proving relational collapse alone can ignite lethal conflict. It's vital to fund the field of primatology to help illuminate how conflicts can fester in the societies of both humans and our closest animal relatives.

This "chimp civil war" is more broadly a mirror held up to humanity itself — violence erupted not from ideology but from broken personal bonds, proving relational collapse alone can ignite lethal conflict. It's vital to fund the field of primatology to help illuminate how conflicts can fester in the societies of both humans and our closest animal relatives.

Study: Ongoing Conflict Spurs Rare Community Split in Chimps

Study: Ongoing Conflict Spurs Rare Chimp Community Split Turns Deadly in UgandaChimps

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Study: Ongoing Conflict Spurs Rare Community Split in Chimps

Study: Ongoing Conflict Spurs Rare Chimp Community Split Turns Deadly in UgandaChimps

The Spin

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