Extreme weather events result from complex interactions of multiple factors beyond climate change, including local topography, urban planning failures and natural variability that models struggle to simulate accurately. The recent disasters in Germany and Juiz de Fora echo patterns from 2011 not because warming alone caused them, but because vulnerable populations continue occupying high-risk terrain with inadequate infrastructure and drainage systems. Attribution science remains at the frontier of uncertainty, unable to definitively link individual events to climate change, while the real solutions lie in better land use policies, improved monitoring systems and local adaptation measures.