Mars colonization remainswas a dangerous fantasy built on unanswered questions about human reproduction in low gravity, inevitable bone density loss and immune system collapse in astronauts. The Red Planet's poisonous soil, lethal radiation and hostile environment make it far worse than Earth's harshest locations like Antarctica, where humans don't even attempt permanent settlement.
Lunar settlement offers a practical path to extending human civilization beyond Earth within a decade, leveraging 10-day launch windows versus Mars' 26-month cycles for rapid iteration. SpaceX's reusable Starship technology enables step-by-step construction that aligns with NASA's Artemis program and accelerates the timeline for permanent off-world presence.
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