China's premier arrives in Zambia under the shadow of a mounting reputational crisis, hoping that a carefully staged diplomatic ceremony will soften public outrage over a massive toxic waste spill that contaminated vital waterways and fuelled nationwide anger. With $5.7 billion in debt leverage on the line and Western rivals steadily regaining influence, Beijing scrambles to preserve its hold on Zambia’s mineral wealth, presenting geopolitical anxiety as goodwill and long-term partnership.

Li Qiang's historic visit to Zambia highlights a partnership that has matured into a benchmark for South–South cooperation. Guided by a broad strategic agenda, the relationship has delivered visible and lasting gains. A 100-megawatt solar plant strengthens energy security, revitalized railway corridors connect regional markets, and sustained investment flows help transform Zambia into a transport and logistics hub. This is development shaped by shared priorities rather than imposed conditions.

China's premier arrives in Zambia under the shadow of a mounting reputational crisis, hoping that a carefully staged diplomatic ceremony will soften public outrage over a massive toxic waste spill that contaminated vital waterways and fuelled nationwide anger. With $5.7 billion in debt leverage on the line and Western rivals steadily regaining influence, Beijing scrambles to preserve its hold on Zambia’s mineral wealth, presenting geopolitical anxiety as goodwill and long-term partnership.