Breitbart

Saudi Arabia signs mutual defense pact with nuclear-armed Pakistan after Israel attacks Qatar

Metaculus

Percentage of World GDP Spent on War in 2030

Donald Trump

Bezalel Smotrich

Antony Blinken

Daniel DePetris

Dennis A. Ross

Chris Coons

Prince Faisal bin Farhan

Giorgio Cafiero

Khaled Elgindy

Neil Quilliam

Muhammad Al-Isa

Aryeh Lightstone

F. Gregory Gause, III

Rob Greenway

Paul Salem

Jon Alterman

Elham Fakhro

Robert Mogielnicki

Kenneth Katzman

Yechiel Leiter

Boaz Bismuth

Emad Mekay

The Saudi Foreign Ministry

Firas Maksad

"[T]he environment has changed completely since his first presidency, making the prospect of success practically zero."

"Normalization with Saudi Arabia is far from a done deal, and I think US officials have been overly-optimistic."

"I would say certainly normalization with [Israel] is not just at risk. It is off the table until we have a resolution to Palestinian statehood."

"If normalization with Saudi Arabia depends on progress toward a Palestinian state even by a millimeter, it won't happen."

"[P]eace will happen [between Israel and Saudi Arabia]."

"[W]e are on the cusp of a major breakthrough [in normalizing Israel-Saudi Arabia relations]."

"I think it'll happen."

"I think Saudi Arabia will end up being in the Abraham accords. ... Soon. Not a very long way."

Will Israel and Saudi Arabia Normalize Relations During Donald Trump's Second Presidency?

John Mearsheimer

Yoshimasa Hayashi

Bilawal Bhutto Zardari

National Intelligence Council

Nataliia Butyrska

Priyanka Chopra

Matt Forney

PVR Narasimha Rao

Harris Sultan

Pravin Sawhney

"India and Pakistan aren't ever going to war."

"There will be no war."

"Hereafter, there will never be an India-Pak war."

"The threshold of full-out military conflict between India and Pakistan has been drastically lowered, the lowest it has ever been in our history, as a result of this conflict."

"[T]here may be wars for India this year."

"This situation [India's launch of Operation Sindoor against Pakistan] may lead to further retaliatory exchanges and escalate into a full-scale military conflict."

"India and Pakistan may stumble into a large-scale war neither side wants."

Will There Be a Full-Scale India-Pakistan War in 2025?

Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif signed a Strategic Mutual Defense Agreement on Sept. 17, 2025, during Sharif's state visit to Riyadh at Al-Yamamah Palace.

MOFA

Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif signed a Strategic Mutual Defense Agreement on Sept. 17, 2025, during Sharif's state visit to Riyadh at Al-Yamamah Palace.

The agreement stipulates that any aggression against either Saudi Arabia or Pakistan shall be considered an aggression against both countries, formalizing decades of military and security cooperation between the nations.</span

The agreement stipulates that any aggression against either Saudi Arabia or Pakistan shall be considered an aggression against both countries, formalizing decades of military and security cooperation between the nations.

The defense pact builds on a historic partnership extending nearly eight decades between the two countries, grounded in bonds of brotherhood, Islamic solidarity and shared strategic interests according to joint statements.</span

DAWN

Swarajyamag

The defense pact builds on a historic partnership extending nearly eight decades between the two countries, grounded in bonds of brotherhood, Islamic solidarity and shared strategic interests according to joint statements.

Pakistan's army chief Field Marshal Asim Munir attended the signing ceremony alongside senior ministers and military officials from both countries, with Pakistani state television showing the leaders embracing after the agreement.</span

The Jerusalem Post

Pakistan's army chief Field Marshal Asim Munir attended the signing ceremony alongside senior ministers and military officials from both countries, with Pakistani state television showing the leaders embracing after the agreement.

A senior Saudi official described the agreement as a comprehensive defensive pact that encompasses all military means and represents an institutionalization of longstanding cooperation rather than a response to specific events.</span

The Guardian

A senior Saudi official described the agreement as a comprehensive defensive pact that encompasses all military means and represents an institutionalization of longstanding cooperation rather than a response to specific events.

The enhanced defense ties emerge as Gulf Arab states grow increasingly concerned about the reliability of the U.S. as their longstanding security guarantor amid heightened regional tensions following recent conflicts.

The enhanced defense ties emerge as Gulf Arab states grow increasingly concerned about the reliability of the U.S. as their longstanding security guarantor amid heightened regional tensions following recent conflicts.

Breitbart #0

Metaculus #0

Swarajyamag #

DAWN #

Arab News

Arab News #

The Jerusalem Post #

The Guardian #

The enhanced defense ties emerge as Gulf Arab states grow increasingly concerned about the reliability of the United States as their longstanding security guarantor amid heightened regional tensions following recent conflicts.</span

The enhanced defense ties emerge as Gulf Arab states grow increasingly concerned about the reliability of the United States as their longstanding security guarantor amid heightened regional tensions following recent conflicts.

The timing of this defense pact signals a concerning shift in regional power dynamics, potentially introducing nuclear considerations into Middle Eastern conflicts given Pakistan's atomic capabilities and Saudi Arabia's historical interest in nuclear programs. The agreement could escalate tensions rather than promote peace in an already volatile region.

The timing of this defense pact signals a concerning shift in regional power dynamics, potentially introducing nuclear considerations into Middle Eastern conflicts given Pakistan's atomic capabilities and Saudi Arabia's historical interest in nuclear programs. The agreement could escalate tensions rather than promote peace in an already volatile region.

Breitbart #

The Israel-Iran Conflict

The India-Pakistan Conflict

Saudi Arabia, Pakistan Sign Mutual Defense Pact

Pakistan

Saudi Arabia

Military

Middle East

The Saudi–Pakistan defence pact is a historic milestone, binding two trusted allies into a single shield against aggression. It honors decades of brotherhood, amplifies Pakistan’s military stature, and signals a new regional order where Muslim powers unite for collective security. This bold commitment promises not only deterrence, but also stability, strength, and prosperity.

The Saudi–Pakistan defence pact is a historic milestone, binding two trusted allies into a single shield against aggression. It honors decades of brotherhood, amplifies Pakistan’s military stature, and signals a new regional order where Muslim powers unite for collective security. This bold commitment promises not only deterrence, but also stability, strength, and prosperity.

Analysts hail Saudi-Pakistan defense pact as step toward regional stability

'Huge, historic': Experts hail Pakistan's defence pact with Saudi Arabia

Pakistan’s defence pact with Saudi Arabia looks less like strategic triumph and more like desperate bargaining. With its economy in freefall and elites begging Riyadh for bailouts, Islamabad is trading soldiers for survival. Saudi Arabia, shifting away from unconditional aid, now tightens the leash — while Pakistan risks entanglement in Gulf rivalries it can scarcely afford.

Pakistan’s defence pact with Saudi Arabia looks less like strategic triumph and more like desperate bargaining. With its economy in freefall and elites begging Riyadh for bailouts, Islamabad is trading soldiers for survival. Saudi Arabia, shifting away from unconditional aid, now tightens the leash — while Pakistan risks entanglement in Gulf rivalries it can scarcely afford.

Arab Gulf States Institute

Pakistans Economic Woes Drive Defense Diplomacy With Saudi Arabia

SaudiPakistan Mutual Defence Agreement: India Says It Will Weigh Impact On National, Regional And Global Stability

There is a 50% chance that 2.78% of world GDP will be spent on military expenses in 2030, according to the Metaculus prediction community.

There is a 50% chance that 2.78% of world GDP will be spent on military expenses in 2030, according to the Metaculus prediction community.

Saudi Arabia, Pakistan Sign Mutual Defense Pact

Saudi Arabia, Pakistan Sign Mutual Defense Pact

The Spin

Metaculus Prediction

The Controversies

Quilliam

Fakhro

Farhan

Smotrich

Lightstone

Leiter

Greenway

Trump

Forney

Sultan

Sawhney

Zardari

Rao

Hayashi

Council

Go Deeper

Articles on this story

Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters
Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters

Saudi Arabia, Pakistan Sign Mutual Defense Pact

Saudi Arabia, Pakistan Sign Mutual Defense Pact

The Spin

Metaculus Prediction

The Controversies

Quilliam

Fakhro

Farhan

Smotrich

Lightstone

Leiter

Greenway

Trump

Forney

Sultan

Sawhney

Zardari

Rao

Hayashi

Council

Go Deeper

Articles on this story

Sign Up for Our Free NewslettersSign Up for Our Free Newsletters

Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters
Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters