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What causes diabetes, what are the different types and how can it be treated?

Diabetes symptoms: Six red flag signs

Over 800M adults globally had type 1 or type 2 diabetes in 2022, reportedly more than four times the 1990 figure. The problem has worsened the most in low- and middle-income countries (LMCs), the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration-WHO study showed.

The BMJ

Imperial News

The 2022 global figure is nearly double the earlier WHO estimate of 422M. In rich nations like Japan and Canada, the rate has either been stable or fallen. India topped the table with over a fourth of 828M. Similarly, only 5-10% sub-Saharan adult diabetics received treatment.

Emirates24

Indiatimes

Published in the Lancet on World Diabetes Day, the study showed almost 450M of the diabetics aged 30 and above (or 59%) as untreated — 90% of them in LMCs. If untreated, this chronic metabolic disease damages key organs like the heart, blood vessels, and nerves.

TimesLIVE

Type 2 diabetes, often linked to obesity and poor diet, is believed to account for most adult cases, although the study did not distinguish between the two. Type 1, caused by insulin deficiency, is more difficult to treat and afflicts the young.

Another study published in The Lancet in 2023 had suggested that the world diabetic population would touch 1.3B 2050 due to structural racism and inequality. The latest research is reportedly the first to consider the rates and treatment estimates for all countries.

The Straits Times

Reuters

Independent #1

Research by the Imperial College London has found that over 800M adults globally had type 1 or type 2 diabetes in 2022, reportedly more than four times the figure in 1990. The problem has worsened the most in low- and middle-income countries (LMCs), according to the study.

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