The Facts

• Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's Government was made aware of "hostile activity by state actors" (HASA) towards the country over two years ago, according to Canada's foreign interference inquiry hearing on Monday.

• A summary letter of a Memorandum to Cabinet (MC) released by the inquiry shows that the Canadian Government was told in May 2022 that HASA was "one of the greatest threats to Canada's national security," and had witnessed "an increase in volume and complexity in recent years."

• The MC summary also directly alleges China, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Iran as states engaging in activities such as espionage, foreign interference, disinformation, sabotage, intellectual property theft, coercion, and malicious cyber activity.